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Flavors Limits on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=How-to-access-the-VM-from-OpenStack-console-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to access the VM from OpenStack console on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=How-to-clone-existing-and-configured-VMs-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to clone existing and configured VMs on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=How-to-fix-unresponsive-console-issue-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to fix unresponsive console issue on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=How-to-generate-ec2-credentials-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to generate and manage EC2 credentials on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type=checkbox id=__toc> <label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for=__toc> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to generate or use Application Credentials via CLI on 3Engines Cloud </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <a href=How-to-generate-or-use-Application-Credentials-via-CLI-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active"> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to generate or use Application Credentials via CLI on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="On this page"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> On this page </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#prerequisites class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Prerequisites🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-1-cli-commands-for-application-credentials class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 1 CLI Commands for Application Credentials🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-2-the-simplest-way-to-create-a-new-application-credential class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 2 The Simplest Way to Create a New Application Credential🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-3-using-all-parameters-to-create-a-new-application-credential class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 3 Using All Parameters to Create a New Application Credential🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-4-enter-id-and-secret-into-cloudsyml class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 4 Enter id and secret into clouds.yml🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-5-gain-access-to-the-cloud-by-specifying-os_cloud-or-os-cloud class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 5 Gain access to the cloud by specifying OS_CLOUD or --os-cloud🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#environment-variable-based-storage class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Environment variable-based storage🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#what-to-do-next class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> What To Do Next🔗 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=How-to-use-GUI-in-Linux-VM-on-3Engines-Cloud-and-access-it-from-local-Linux-computer.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to Use GUI in Linux VM on 3Engines Cloud and access it From Local Linux Computer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=How-To-Create-a-New-Linux-VM-With-NVIDIA-Virtual-GPU-in-the-OpenStack-Dashboard-Horizon-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How To Create a New Linux VM With NVIDIA Virtual GPU in the OpenStack Dashboard Horizon on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=How-to-use-Docker-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span 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href=Block-storage-and-object-storage-performance-limits-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Block storage and object storage performance limits on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_3 id=__nav_3_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Data Volume </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Data Volume </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/datavolume.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a 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3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4 id=__nav_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Networking </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Networking </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/networking.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-can-I-access-my-VMs-using-names-instead-of-IP-addresses-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How can I access my VMs using names instead of IP addresses on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> 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<li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-is-my-VM-visible-in-the-internet-with-no-Floating-IP-attached-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How is my VM visible in the internet with no Floating IP attached on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-to-run-and-configure-Firewall-as-a-service-and-VPN-as-a-service-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to run and configure Firewall as a service and VPN as a service on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-to-Import-SSH-Public-Key-to-OpenStack-Horizon-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to import SSH public key to OpenStack Horizon on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <label class=md-nav__link 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="On this page"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> On this page </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#prerequisites class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Prerequisites🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-1-cli-commands-for-application-credentials class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 1 CLI Commands for Application Credentials🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-2-the-simplest-way-to-create-a-new-application-credential class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 2 The Simplest Way to Create a New Application Credential🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-3-using-all-parameters-to-create-a-new-application-credential class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 3 Using All Parameters to Create a New Application Credential🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-4-enter-id-and-secret-into-cloudsyml class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 4 Enter id and secret into clouds.yml🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#step-5-gain-access-to-the-cloud-by-specifying-os_cloud-or-os-cloud class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Step 5 Gain access to the cloud by specifying OS_CLOUD or --os-cloud🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#environment-variable-based-storage class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Environment variable-based storage🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#what-to-do-next class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> What To Do Next🔗 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <h1 id=how-to-generate-or-use-application-credentials-via-cli-on-3engines-cloud>How to generate or use Application Credentials via CLI on 3Engines Cloud<a href=#how-to-generate-or-use-application-credentials-via-cli-on-brand-name title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#how-to-generate-or-use-application-credentials-via-cli-on-3engines-cloud title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1> <p>You can authenticate your applications to <em>keystone</em> by creating application credentials for them. It is also possible to delegate a subset of role assignments on a project to an application credential, granting the same or restricted authorization to a project for the app.</p> <p>With application credentials, apps authenticate with the “application credential ID” and a “secret” string which is not the user’s password. Thanks to this, the user’s password is not embedded in the application’s configuration, which is especially important for users whose identities are managed by an external system such as LDAP or a single sign-on system.</p> <h2 id=prerequisites>Prerequisites<a href=#prerequisites title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#prerequisites title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>No. 1 <strong>Hosting</strong></p> <p>You need a 3Engines Cloud hosting account with Horizon interface <a href=https://horizon.3Engines.com>https://horizon.3Engines.com</a>.</p> <p>No. 2 <strong>Authenticate</strong></p> <p>Once you have installed this piece of software, you need to authenticate to start using it: <a href=../accountmanagement/How-to-activate-OpenStack-CLI-access-to-3Engines-Cloud-cloud-using-one-or-two-factor-authentication.html.html>How to activate OpenStack CLI access to 3Engines Cloud cloud using one- or two-factor authentication</a></p> <p>No. 3 <strong>OpenStackClient installed and available</strong></p> <p>OpenStack is written in Python, it is recommended to use a dedicated virtual environment for the rest of this article.</p> <dl> <dt>Install GitBash on Windows</dt> <dd><a href=../openstackcli/How-to-install-OpenStackClient-GitBash-or-Cygwin-for-Windows-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html>How to install OpenStackClient GitBash for Windows on 3Engines Cloud</a>.</dd> <dt>Install and run WSL (Linux under Windows)</dt> <dd><a href=../openstackcli/How-to-install-OpenStackClient-on-Windows-using-Windows-Subsystem-for-Linux-on-3Engines-Cloud-OpenStack-Hosting.html.html>How to install OpenStackClient on Windows using Windows Subsystem for Linux on 3Engines Cloud OpenStack Hosting</a>.</dd> <dt>Install OpenStackClient on Linux</dt> <dd><a href=../openstackcli/How-to-install-OpenStackClient-for-Linux-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html>How to install OpenStackClient for Linux on 3Engines Cloud</a>.</dd> </dl> <p>No. 4 <strong>jq installed and running</strong></p> <p>You will need to have <a href=https://jqlang.org/download/ >jq</a> up and running. On Ubuntu, for example, the commands would be:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-0-1><a id=__codelineno-0-1 name=__codelineno-0-1 href=#__codelineno-0-1></a>apt update && apt upgrade -y # Get the latest packages list and upgrade installed packages
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</span><span id=__span-0-2><a id=__codelineno-0-2 name=__codelineno-0-2 href=#__codelineno-0-2></a>apt install jq -y # Install jq from the default Ubuntu repository
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</span><span id=__span-0-3><a id=__codelineno-0-3 name=__codelineno-0-3 href=#__codelineno-0-3></a>jq --version # Check the installed jq version
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</span></code></pre></div> <h2 id=step-1-cli-commands-for-application-credentials>Step 1 CLI Commands for Application Credentials<a href=#step-1-cli-commands-for-application-credentials title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#step-1-cli-commands-for-application-credentials title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Command</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-1-1><a id=__codelineno-1-1 name=__codelineno-1-1 href=#__codelineno-1-1></a>openstack application credential
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>will list four commands available:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-2-1><a id=__codelineno-2-1 name=__codelineno-2-1 href=#__codelineno-2-1></a>application credential create
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</span><span id=__span-2-2><a id=__codelineno-2-2 name=__codelineno-2-2 href=#__codelineno-2-2></a>application credential delete
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||
</span><span id=__span-2-3><a id=__codelineno-2-3 name=__codelineno-2-3 href=#__codelineno-2-3></a>application credential list
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||
</span><span id=__span-2-4><a id=__codelineno-2-4 name=__codelineno-2-4 href=#__codelineno-2-4></a>application credential show
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>To see the parameters for these commands, end them with <strong>--help</strong>, like this:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-3-1><a id=__codelineno-3-1 name=__codelineno-3-1 href=#__codelineno-3-1></a>openstack application credential create --help
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||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>Amongst dozens of lines describing all the possible parameters, of particular interest are the commands to create a new credential:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/credential_create_help.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=credential_create_help.png src=../_images/credential_create_help.png></a></p> <p>Note</p> <p>The <strong>--help</strong> option will produce a <em>vim</em>-like output, so type <strong>q</strong> on the keyboard to get back to the usual terminal line.</p> <h2 id=step-2-the-simplest-way-to-create-a-new-application-credential>Step 2 The Simplest Way to Create a New Application Credential<a href=#step-2-the-simplest-way-to-create-a-new-application-credential title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#step-2-the-simplest-way-to-create-a-new-application-credential title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>The simplest way to generate a new application credential is just to define the name – the rest of the parameters will be defined automatically for you. The following command uses name <strong>cred2</strong>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-4-1><a id=__codelineno-4-1 name=__codelineno-4-1 href=#__codelineno-4-1></a>openstack application credential create cred2
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||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>The new application credential will be both formed and shown on the screen:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/create_new_with_name.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=create_new_with_name.png src=../_images/create_new_with_name.png></a></p> <h2 id=step-3-using-all-parameters-to-create-a-new-application-credential>Step 3 Using All Parameters to Create a New Application Credential<a href=#step-3-using-all-parameters-to-create-a-new-application-credential title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#step-3-using-all-parameters-to-create-a-new-application-credential title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Here is the meaning of related parameters:</p> <p><strong>--secret</strong></p> <p>Secret value to use for authentication. If omitted, will be generated automatically.</p> <p><strong>--role</strong></p> <p>Roles to authorize. If not specified, roles for the current user are all copied. Repeat this parameter to specify another role to become part of the credential. The example of roles is:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-5-1><a id=__codelineno-5-1 name=__codelineno-5-1 href=#__codelineno-5-1></a>_member_ magnum_user load-balancer_member heat_stack_owner creator k8s_admin
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>Note</p> <p>Role <strong>_member_</strong> is the most basic role and should always be present. Beware however, as in some variations of OpenStack it can be called <strong>member</strong> instead of <strong>_member_</strong>.</p> <p><strong>--expiration</strong></p> <p>Sets an expiration date. If not present, the application credential will not expire. The format is <strong>YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS</strong>, for instance:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-6-1><a id=__codelineno-6-1 name=__codelineno-6-1 href=#__codelineno-6-1></a>--expiration $(date +"%Y-11-%dT%H:%M:%S")
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>That will yield the following date:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-7-1><a id=__codelineno-7-1 name=__codelineno-7-1 href=#__codelineno-7-1></a>2022-11-09T13:27:01.000000
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>Parameters <strong>--unrestricted</strong> and <strong>--restricted</strong></p> <p>By default, for security reasons, application credentials are forbidden from being used for creating additional application credentials or keystone trusts. If your application needs to be able to perform these actions, use parameter <strong>--unrestricted</strong>.</p> <p>Here is a complete example, using all of the available parameters to create a new application credential:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-8-1><a id=__codelineno-8-1 name=__codelineno-8-1 href=#__codelineno-8-1></a>openstack application credential create foo-dev-member4 --role _member_ --expiration $(date +"%Y-11-%dT%H:%M:%S") --description "Test application credentials" --unrestricted -c id -c secret -f json | jq -r '"application_credential_id: \"" + .id + "\"", "application_credential_secret: \"" + .secret + "\""'
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||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>The result is:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/complete_example.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=complete_example.png src=../_images/complete_example.png></a></p> <p>The name of the new application credential will be <strong>foo-dev-member4</strong>, will be used by role <strong>_member_</strong> and so on. The part of the command starting with <strong>| jq -r</strong> prints only the values of credentials <strong>id</strong> and <strong>secret</strong> as you have to enter those value into the <em>clouds.yml</em> file in order to activate the recognition part of the process.</p> <h2 id=step-4-enter-id-and-secret-into-cloudsyml>Step 4 Enter id and secret into clouds.yml<a href=#step-4-enter-id-and-secret-into-clouds-yml title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#step-4-enter-id-and-secret-into-cloudsyml title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>You are now going to store the values of <strong>id</strong> and <strong>secret</strong> that the cloud has sent to you. Once stored, future <strong>openstack</strong> commands will use these value to authenticate to the cloud without using any kind of password.</p> <p>The place to store <em>id</em> and <em>secret</em> is a file called <em>clouds.yml</em>. It may reside on your local computer in one of these three locations:</p> <dl> <dt>Current directory</dt> <dd> <p><strong>./clouds.yml</strong></p> <p>You may want to create a special folder with <strong>mkdir</strong> command and paste <em>clouds.yml</em> into it.</p> <p>The current directory is searched first.</p> </dd> <dt>User configuration directory</dt> <dd> <p><strong>$HOME/.config/openstack/clouds.yml</strong></p> <p>The most common default location for individual users.</p> <p>Searched after the current directory.</p> </dd> <dt>System-wide configuration directory</dt> <dd> <p><strong>/etc/openstack/clouds.yml</strong></p> <p>Searches that location as the last resort.</p> <p>Usually you must be <em>root</em> to modify that file.</p> </dd> </dl> <p>The first <em>clouds.yml</em> file that is found will be used.</p> <p>Note</p> <p>The contents of the <em>clouds.yml</em> file will be in <em>yaml</em> format. It is customary to have the extension of <em>yaml</em> content be the exact same word <em>yaml</em> but here it is not <em>yaml</em> – it is <strong>yml</strong> instead.</p> <p>Let us create a new application credential called <em>trial-member_creatornew</em>.</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-9-1><a id=__codelineno-9-1 name=__codelineno-9-1 href=#__codelineno-9-1></a>openstack application credential create trial-member_creatornew --unrestricted -c id -c secret -f json | jq -r '"application_credential_id: \"" + .id + "\"", "application_credential_secret: \"" + .secret + "\""'
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>This is the result:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/create_credential.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=create_credential.png src=../_images/create_credential.png></a></p> <p>Now create the <em>clouds.yml</em> file using your preferred editor of choice. Here it is <em>nano</em>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-10-1><a id=__codelineno-10-1 name=__codelineno-10-1 href=#__codelineno-10-1></a>nano $HOME/.config/openstack/clouds.yml
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>If not already existing, <em>nano</em> will create that file anew. Here are its contents:</p> <p><strong>clouds.yml</strong></p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-11-1><a id=__codelineno-11-1 name=__codelineno-11-1 href=#__codelineno-11-1></a>clouds:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-11-2><a id=__codelineno-11-2 name=__codelineno-11-2 href=#__codelineno-11-2></a> trial-member_creatornew:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-11-3><a id=__codelineno-11-3 name=__codelineno-11-3 href=#__codelineno-11-3></a> auth_type: "v3applicationcredential"
|
||
</span><span id=__span-11-4><a id=__codelineno-11-4 name=__codelineno-11-4 href=#__codelineno-11-4></a> auth:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-11-5><a id=__codelineno-11-5 name=__codelineno-11-5 href=#__codelineno-11-5></a> auth_url: https://keystone.3Engines.com:5000/v3
|
||
</span><span id=__span-11-6><a id=__codelineno-11-6 name=__codelineno-11-6 href=#__codelineno-11-6></a> application_credential_id: "a582edb593644106baeaa75fd706feb2"
|
||
</span><span id=__span-11-7><a id=__codelineno-11-7 name=__codelineno-11-7 href=#__codelineno-11-7></a> application_credential_secret: "mPKQort71xi7Ros7BHb1sG4753wvN_tmJMBd1aRBBGzgFZM7AoUkLWzCutQuh-dAyac86-rkikYqqYaT1_f0hA"
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>Let us dissect that file line by line:</p> <blockquote> <ul> <li><strong>clouds:</strong> is in plural as it is possible to define parameters of two or more clouds in the same file.</li> <li><strong>trial-member_creatornew</strong> is the name of the application credential used in the previous <em>credential create</em> command.</li> <li><strong>v3applicationcredential</strong> is the type of auth connection (it is always the same)</li> <li><strong>auth</strong> start of <em>auth</em> parameters</li> <li><strong>auth_url</strong> the address to call on the 3Engines Cloud OpenStack server (it always the same)</li> <li><strong>application_credential_id</strong> the value from the previous call of <em>credential create</em> command</li> <li><strong>credential create</strong> command the value from the previous call of <em>credential create</em> command</li> </ul> </blockquote> <p>This is how it should look in the editor:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/nano_values.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=nano_values.png src=../_images/nano_values.png></a></p> <p>Save it with <strong>Ctrl</strong>-<strong>X</strong>, then press <strong>Y</strong> and Enter.</p> <h2 id=step-5-gain-access-to-the-cloud-by-specifying-os_cloud-or-os-cloud>Step 5 Gain access to the cloud by specifying OS_CLOUD or --os-cloud<a href=#step-5-gain-access-to-the-cloud-by-specifying-os-cloud-or-os-cloud title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#step-5-gain-access-to-the-cloud-by-specifying-os_cloud-or-os-cloud title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Application credentials give access to all of the activated regions and you have to specify which one to use. Specify it as a value of parameter <strong>--os-region</strong>, for instance, WAW3-2, WAW4-1 (or what else have you).</p> <p>In previous step you defined a <em>clouds.yml</em> file and it used to start with <strong>clouds:</strong>. The next line defined to which cloud will the parameters refer to, here it was <em>trial-member_creatornew</em>. By design, the <em>clouds.yml</em> file can contain information on several clouds – not only one – so it is necessary to distinguish to which cloud are you going to refer. There is a special parameter for that, called</p> <blockquote> <ul> <li><strong>OS_CLOUD</strong> if used as systems parameter or</li> <li><strong>--os-cloud</strong> if used from the command line.</li> </ul> </blockquote> <p>You define <strong>OS_CLOUD</strong> by directly assigning its value from the command line:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-12-1><a id=__codelineno-12-1 name=__codelineno-12-1 href=#__codelineno-12-1></a>export OS_CLOUD=trial-member_creatornew
|
||
</span><span id=__span-12-2><a id=__codelineno-12-2 name=__codelineno-12-2 href=#__codelineno-12-2></a>echo $OS_CLOUD
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>Open a new terminal window, execute the command above and then try to access the server:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/export_os_cloud.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=export_os_cloud.png src=../_images/export_os_cloud.png></a></p> <p>It works.</p> <p>You can also use that parameter in the command line, like this:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-13-1><a id=__codelineno-13-1 name=__codelineno-13-1 href=#__codelineno-13-1></a>openstack --os-cloud=trial-member_creatornew flavor list
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>It works as well:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/cli_os_cloud.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=cli_os_cloud.png src=../_images/cli_os_cloud.png></a></p> <p>You have to set up <strong>OS_CLOUD</strong> once per opening a new terminal window and then you can use <strong>openstack</strong> command without interpolating <strong>--os-cloud</strong> parameter all the time.</p> <p>If you had two or more clouds defined in the <em>clouds.yml</em> file, then using <strong>--os-cloud</strong> in the command line would be more flexible.</p> <p>In both cases, you can access the cloud without specifying the password, which was the goal in the first place.</p> <h2 id=environment-variable-based-storage>Environment variable-based storage<a href=#environment-variable-based-storage title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#environment-variable-based-storage title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>You can export them as environment variables. This increases security, especially in virtual machines. Also, automation tools can use them dynamically.</p> <p>To set them for the current session:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-14-1><a id=__codelineno-14-1 name=__codelineno-14-1 href=#__codelineno-14-1></a>export OS_CLOUD=mycloud
|
||
</span><span id=__span-14-2><a id=__codelineno-14-2 name=__codelineno-14-2 href=#__codelineno-14-2></a>export OS_CLIENT_ID=<your-id>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-14-3><a id=__codelineno-14-3 name=__codelineno-14-3 href=#__codelineno-14-3></a>export OS_CLIENT_SECRET=<your-secret>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>To make them persistent, add these lines to your <strong>~/.bashrc</strong> or <strong>~/.zshrc</strong> file:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-15-1><a id=__codelineno-15-1 name=__codelineno-15-1 href=#__codelineno-15-1></a>echo 'export OS_CLOUD=mycloud' >> ~/.bashrc
|
||
</span><span id=__span-15-2><a id=__codelineno-15-2 name=__codelineno-15-2 href=#__codelineno-15-2></a>echo 'export OS_CLIENT_ID=<your-id>' >> ~/.bashrc
|
||
</span><span id=__span-15-3><a id=__codelineno-15-3 name=__codelineno-15-3 href=#__codelineno-15-3></a>echo 'export OS_CLIENT_SECRET=<your-secret>' >> ~/.bashrc
|
||
</span><span id=__span-15-4><a id=__codelineno-15-4 name=__codelineno-15-4 href=#__codelineno-15-4></a>source ~/.bashrc
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>This method is useful for scripted deployments, temporary sessions, and when you don’t want credentials stored in files.</p> <h2 id=what-to-do-next>What To Do Next<a href=#what-to-do-next title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#what-to-do-next title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Here are some articles that use application credentials:</p> <p><a href=../kubernetes/How-to-install-Rancher-RKE2-Kubernetes-on-3Engines-Cloud-cloud.html.html>How to install Rancher RKE2 Kubernetes on 3Engines Cloud</a></p> <p><a href=../kubernetes/Configuring-IP-Whitelisting-for-OpenStack-Load-Balancer-using-Terraform-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html>Configuring IP Whitelisting for OpenStack Load Balancer using Terraform on 3Engines Cloud</a></p> <p><a href=OpenStack-user-roles-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html>OpenStack User Roles on 3Engines Cloud</a></p> </article> </div> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <nav class="md-footer__inner md-grid" aria-label=Footer> <a href=How-to-generate-ec2-credentials-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="Previous: How to generate and manage EC2 credentials on 3Engines Cloud"> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11z"/></svg> </div> <div class=md-footer__title> <span class=md-footer__direction> Previous </span> <div class=md-ellipsis> How to generate and manage EC2 credentials on 3Engines Cloud </div> </div> </a> <a href=How-to-use-GUI-in-Linux-VM-on-3Engines-Cloud-and-access-it-from-local-Linux-computer.html.html class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--next" aria-label="Next: How to Use GUI in Linux VM on 3Engines Cloud and access it From Local Linux Computer"> <div class=md-footer__title> <span class=md-footer__direction> Next </span> <div class=md-ellipsis> How to Use GUI in Linux VM on 3Engines Cloud and access it From Local Linux Computer </div> </div> <div class="md-footer__button md-icon"> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 11v2h12l-5.5 5.5 1.42 1.42L19.84 12l-7.92-7.92L10.5 5.5 16 11z"/></svg> </div> </a> </nav> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class=md-dialog data-md-component=dialog> <div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div> </div> <script id=__config type=application/json>{"base": "..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "content.code.copy", "content.tooltips", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.sections", "navigation.footer", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.sections", "navigation.top", "navigation.tracking", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "toc.follow"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.d50fe291.min.js", "tags": null, "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}, "version": null}</script> <script src=../assets/javascripts/bundle.13a4f30d.min.js></script> <script id="init-glightbox">const lightbox = GLightbox({"touchNavigation": false, "loop": false, "zoomable": true, "draggable": true, "openEffect": "zoom", "closeEffect": "zoom", "slideEffect": "slide"});
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