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on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/How-to-start-a-VM-from-a-snapshot-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to start a VM from a snapshot on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/Status-Power-State-and-dependences-in-billing-of-instances-VMs-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Status Power State and dependencies in billing of instance VMs on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/How-to-upload-your-custom-image-using-OpenStack-CLI-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to upload your custom image using OpenStack CLI on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/VM-created-with-option-Create-New-Volume-No-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> VM created with option Create New Volume No on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/VM-created-with-option-Create-New-Volume-Yes-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> VM created with option Create New Volume Yes on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/What-is-an-OpenStack-domain-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> What is an OpenStack domain on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/What-is-an-OpenStack-project-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> What is an OpenStack project on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/How-to-create-a-Linux-VM-and-access-it-from-Windows-desktop-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to create a Linux VM and access it from Windows desktop on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a 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3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/How-to-start-a-VM-from-instance-snapshot-using-Horizon-dashboard-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to start a VM from instance snapshot using Horizon dashboard on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/How-to-create-a-VM-using-the-OpenStack-CLI-client-on-3Engines-Cloud-cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to create a VM using the OpenStack CLI client on 3Engines Cloud cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/OpenStack-user-roles-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> OpenStack User Roles on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/Resizing-a-virtual-machine-using-OpenStack-Horizon-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Resizing a virtual machine using OpenStack Horizon on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../cloud/Block-storage-and-object-storage-performance-limits-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Block storage and object storage performance limits on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_3> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_3 id=__nav_3_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Data Volume </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_3_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_3> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Data Volume </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/datavolume.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-attach-a-volume-to-VM-less-than-2TB-on-Linux-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to attach a volume to VM less than 2TB on Linux on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-attach-a-volume-to-VM-more-than-2TB-on-Linux-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to attach a volume to VM more than 2TB on Linux on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/Ephemeral-vs-Persistent-storage-option-Create-New-Volume-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Ephemeral vs Persistent storage option Create New Volume on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-export-a-volume-over-NFS-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to export a volume over NFS on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-export-a-volume-over-NFS-outside-of-a-project-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to export a volume over NFS outside of a project on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-extend-the-volume-in-Linux-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to extend the volume in Linux on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-mount-object-storage-in-Linux-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to mount object storage in Linux on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-move-data-volume-between-two-VMs-using-OpenStack-Horizon-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to move data volume between two VMs using OpenStack Horizon on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-many-objects-can-I-put-into-Object-Storage-container-bucket-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How many objects can I put into Object Storage container bucket on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-create-volume-Snapshot-and-attach-as-Volume-on-Linux-or-Windows-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to create volume Snapshot and attach as Volume on Linux or Windows on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/Volume-snapshot-inheritance-and-its-consequences-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Volume snapshot inheritance and its consequences on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-To-Create-Backup-Of-Your-Volume-From-Windows-Machine-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to Create Backup of Your Volume From Windows Machine on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-To-Attach-Volume-To-Windows-VM-On-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How To Attach Volume To Windows VM On 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-create-or-delete-volume-snapshot-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to create or delete volume snapshot on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/How-to-restore-volume-from-snapshot-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to restore volume from snapshot on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../datavolume/Bootable-versus-non-bootable-volumes-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bootable versus non-bootable volumes on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_4> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_4 id=__nav_4_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Networking </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_4_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_4> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Networking </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/networking.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-can-I-access-my-VMs-using-names-instead-of-IP-addresses-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How can I access my VMs using names instead of IP addresses on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-to-Add-or-Remove-Floating-IPs-to-your-VM-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to Add or Remove Floating IP’s to your VM on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/Cannot-access-VM-with-SSH-or-PING-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cannot access VM with SSH or PING on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/Cannot-ping-VM-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Cannot ping VM on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-to-connect-to-your-virtual-machine-via-SSH-in-Linux-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to connect to your virtual machine via SSH in Linux on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a 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<li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-is-my-VM-visible-in-the-internet-with-no-Floating-IP-attached-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How is my VM visible in the internet with no Floating IP attached on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-to-run-and-configure-Firewall-as-a-service-and-VPN-as-a-service-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to run and configure Firewall as a service and VPN as a service on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../networking/How-to-Import-SSH-Public-Key-to-OpenStack-Horizon-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to import SSH public key to OpenStack Horizon on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_5> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_5 id=__nav_5_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> S3 </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_5_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_5> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> S3 </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/s3.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-to-delete-large-S3-bucket-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to Delete Large S3 Bucket on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-to-mount-object-storage-container-as-a-file-system-in-Linux-using-s3fs-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to Mount Object Storage Container as a File System in Linux Using s3fs on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/Bucket-sharing-using-s3-bucket-policy-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Bucket sharing using s3 bucket policy on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-to-use-Object-Storage-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to use Object Storage on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-to-access-private-object-storage-using-S3cmd-or-boto3-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to access private object storage using S3cmd or boto3 on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-To-Install-boto3-In-Windows-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to Install Boto3 in Windows on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/Server-Side-Encryption-with-Customer-Managed-Keys-SSE-C-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Server-Side Encryption with Customer-Managed Keys (SSE-C) on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-to-mount-object-storage-container-from-3Engines-Cloud-as-file-system-on-local-Windows-computer.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to mount object storage container from 3Engines Cloud as file system on local Windows computer </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-to-install-s3cmd-on-Linux-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to install s3cmd on Linux on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-to-access-object-storage-from-3Engines-Cloud-using-boto3.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to access object storage from 3Engines Cloud using boto3 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/How-to-access-object-storage-from-3Engines-Cloud-using-s3cmd.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to access object storage from 3Engines Cloud using s3cmd </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/Configuration-files-for-s3cmd-command-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Configuration files for s3cmd command on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../s3/S3-bucket-object-versioning-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> S3 bucket object versioning on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> <li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested"> <input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type=checkbox id=__nav_6> <label class=md-nav__link for=__nav_6 id=__nav_6_label tabindex=0> <span class=md-ellipsis> Windows </span> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> </label> <nav class=md-nav data-md-level=1 aria-labelledby=__nav_6_label aria-expanded=false> <label class=md-nav__title for=__nav_6> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> Windows </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../windows/windows.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../windows/How-to-access-a-VM-from-Windows-PuTTY-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to access a VM from Windows PuTTY on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../windows/Connecting-to-a-Windows-VM-via-RDP-through-a-Linux-bastion-host-port-forwarding-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Connecting to a Windows VM via RDP through a Linux bastion host port forwarding on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../windows/How-to-connect-to-a-virtual-machine-via-SSH-from-Windows-10-Command-Prompt-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to connect to a virtual machine via SSH from Windows 10 Command Prompt on 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../windows/How-To-Create-SSH-Key-Pair-In-Windows-On-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to Create SSH Key Pair in Windows 10 On 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../windows/Can-I-change-my-password-through-RDP-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Can I change my password through RDP on 3Engines Cloud? </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=../windows/How-To-Create-SSH-Key-Pair-In-Windows-11-On-3Engines-Cloud.html.html class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to Create SSH Key Pair in Windows 11 On 3Engines Cloud </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component=sidebar data-md-type=toc> <div class=md-sidebar__scrollwrap> <div class=md-sidebar__inner> <nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="On this page"> <label class=md-nav__title for=__toc> <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span> On this page </label> <ul class=md-nav__list data-md-component=toc data-md-scrollfix> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#what-we-are-going-to-cover class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> What We Are Going To Cover🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#prerequisites class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Prerequisites🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#always-use-the-latest-value-of-image-id class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Always use the latest value of image id🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#basic-template-for-using-heat class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Basic template for using Heat🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#typical-parts-of-a-heat-template class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Typical parts of a Heat template🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#how-to-get-data-for-heat-template class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> How to get data for Heat template🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#using-heat-with-cli class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Using Heat with CLI🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#using-heat-with-gui class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Using Heat with GUI🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#create-four-vms-using-an-advanced-heat-template class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> Create four VMs using an advanced Heat template🔗 </span> </a> </li> <li class=md-nav__item> <a href=#what-to-do-next class=md-nav__link> <span class=md-ellipsis> What To Do Next🔗 </span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class=md-content data-md-component=content> <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset"> <h1 id=how-to-create-a-set-of-vms-using-openstack-heat-orchestration-on-3engines-cloud>How to create a set of VMs using OpenStack Heat Orchestration on 3Engines Cloud<a href=#how-to-create-a-set-of-vms-using-openstack-heat-orchestration-on-brand-name title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#how-to-create-a-set-of-vms-using-openstack-heat-orchestration-on-3engines-cloud title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1> <p>Heat is an OpenStack component responsible for Orchestration. Its purpose is to deliver automation engine and optimize processes.</p> <p>Heat receives commands through templates which are text files in <em>yaml</em> format. A template describes the entire infrastructure that you want to deploy. The deployed environment is called a <em>stack</em> and can consist of any combination out of the <strong>102</strong> different resources that are available in OpenStack.</p> <h2 id=what-we-are-going-to-cover>What We Are Going To Cover<a href=#what-we-are-going-to-cover title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#what-we-are-going-to-cover title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <blockquote> <ul> <li>Typical parts of a Heat template</li> <li>Basic template for using Heat</li> <li>How to get data for Heat Template</li> <li>Using Heat with CLI</li> <li>Using Heat with GUI</li> <li>More advanced template for Heat</li> </ul> </blockquote> <h2 id=prerequisites>Prerequisites<a href=#prerequisites title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#prerequisites title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>No. 1 <strong>Account</strong></p> <p>You need a 3Engines Cloud hosting account with access to the Horizon interface: <a href=https://horizon.3Engines.com>https://horizon.3Engines.com</a>.</p> <p>No. 2 <strong>Installed Python and its virtualenv</strong></p> <p>If you want to use Heat through CLI commands, Python must be installed and its virtual environment activated. See article <a href=../cloud/How-to-install-Python-virtualenv-or-virtualenvwrapper-on-3Engines-Cloud.html.html>How to install Python virtualenv or virtualenvwrapper on 3Engines Cloud</a>.</p> <p>If you have never installed one of the OpenStack clients, see :<a href=../kubernetes/How-To-Install-OpenStack-and-Magnum-Clients-for-Command-Line-Interface-to-3Engines-Cloud-Horizon.html.html>How To Install OpenStack and Magnum Clients for Command Line Interface to 3Engines Cloud Horizon</a>.</p> <h2 id=always-use-the-latest-value-of-image-id>Always use the latest value of image id<a href=#always-use-the-latest-value-of-image-id title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#always-use-the-latest-value-of-image-id title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>From time to time, the default images of operating systems in the 3Engines Cloud cloud are upgraded to the new versions. As a consequence, their <strong>image id</strong> will change. Let’s say that the image id for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS was <strong>574fe1db-8099-4db4-a543-9e89526d20ae</strong> at the time of writing of this article. While working through the article, you would normally take the <strong>current</strong> value of image id, and would use it to replace <strong>574fe1db-8099-4db4-a543-9e89526d20ae</strong> throughout the text.</p> <p>Now, suppose you wanted to automate processes under OpenStack, perhaps using Heat, Terraform, Ansible or any other tool for OpenStack automation; if you use the value of <strong>574fe1db-8099-4db4-a543-9e89526d20ae</strong> for image id, it would remain <strong>hardcoded</strong> and once this value gets changed during the upgrade, the automated process may stop to execute.</p> <p>Warning</p> <p>Make sure that your automation code is using the <strong>current value</strong> of an OS image id, not the hardcoded one.</p> <h2 id=basic-template-for-using-heat>Basic template for using Heat<a href=#basic-template-for-using-heat title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#basic-template-for-using-heat title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Using the following snippet, you can create one virtual machine, booted from ephemeral disk. Create a text file called <strong>template.yaml</strong> with your favorite text editor and save it to disk:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-0-1><a id=__codelineno-0-1 name=__codelineno-0-1 href=#__codelineno-0-1></a>heat_template_version: 2015-04-30
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</span><span id=__span-0-2><a id=__codelineno-0-2 name=__codelineno-0-2 href=#__codelineno-0-2></a>
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</span><span id=__span-0-3><a id=__codelineno-0-3 name=__codelineno-0-3 href=#__codelineno-0-3></a>resources:
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</span><span id=__span-0-4><a id=__codelineno-0-4 name=__codelineno-0-4 href=#__codelineno-0-4></a> instance:
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</span><span id=__span-0-5><a id=__codelineno-0-5 name=__codelineno-0-5 href=#__codelineno-0-5></a> type: OS::Nova::Server
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</span><span id=__span-0-6><a id=__codelineno-0-6 name=__codelineno-0-6 href=#__codelineno-0-6></a> properties:
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</span><span id=__span-0-7><a id=__codelineno-0-7 name=__codelineno-0-7 href=#__codelineno-0-7></a> flavor: eo1.xsmall
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</span><span id=__span-0-8><a id=__codelineno-0-8 name=__codelineno-0-8 href=#__codelineno-0-8></a> image: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
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</span><span id=__span-0-9><a id=__codelineno-0-9 name=__codelineno-0-9 href=#__codelineno-0-9></a> networks:
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</span><span id=__span-0-10><a id=__codelineno-0-10 name=__codelineno-0-10 href=#__codelineno-0-10></a> - network: <type in your network name here, e.g. cloud_00341_3>
|
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</span><span id=__span-0-11><a id=__codelineno-0-11 name=__codelineno-0-11 href=#__codelineno-0-11></a> - network: <type in your network name here, e.g. eodata_00341_3>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-0-12><a id=__codelineno-0-12 name=__codelineno-0-12 href=#__codelineno-0-12></a> key_name: <type in your ssh key name>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-0-13><a id=__codelineno-0-13 name=__codelineno-0-13 href=#__codelineno-0-13></a> security_groups:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-0-14><a id=__codelineno-0-14 name=__codelineno-0-14 href=#__codelineno-0-14></a> - allow_ping_ssh_icmp_rdp
|
||
</span><span id=__span-0-15><a id=__codelineno-0-15 name=__codelineno-0-15 href=#__codelineno-0-15></a> - default
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>Important</p> <p><em>Yaml</em> format does not allow for tabs, you must enter spaces instead.</p> <h2 id=typical-parts-of-a-heat-template>Typical parts of a Heat template<a href=#typical-parts-of-a-heat-template title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#typical-parts-of-a-heat-template title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Here are the basic elements of a Heat template:</p> <dl> <dt><strong>heat_template_version</strong></dt> <dd>The exact version of heat template. Each of them varies in many ways (including support for various modules, additional parameters, customization etc). See <strong>Orchestration</strong> -> <strong>Template Versions</strong>.</dd> <dt><strong>resources</strong></dt> <dd>Entry to commence providing particular components for deployment.</dd> <dt><strong>instance</strong></dt> <dd>Name of resource (you can type in anything on your own).</dd> <dt><strong>type</strong></dt> <dd>Definition of an OpenStack component (a comprehensive list is under <strong>Orchestration</strong> -> <strong>Resource Types</strong>)</dd> <dt><strong>properties</strong></dt> <dd>Required parameters for deploying a component.</dd> </dl> <p>Note</p> <p>Your account will normally have a network starting with <strong>cloud_</strong> but it may also have other networks. In the following examples, we use network called <strong>eodata_</strong> as an example of an additional network that can be added while creating and using Heat templates.</p> <h2 id=how-to-get-data-for-heat-template>How to get data for Heat template<a href=#how-to-get-data-for-heat-template title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#how-to-get-data-for-heat-template title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Templates need data for images, flavor networks, key pairs, security groups and so on. You would normally know all these elements in advance, or you could “look around” at various parts of OpenStack environment:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>flavor</td> <td><strong>Compute</strong> -> <strong>Instances</strong> -> <strong>Launch Instance</strong> -> <strong>Flavor</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>image</td> <td><strong>Compute</strong> -> <strong>Instances</strong> -> <strong>Launch Instance</strong> -> <strong>Source</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>networks</td> <td><strong>Network</strong> -> <strong>Networks</strong> -> <em>cloud</em> and <em>eodata</em> networks for your domain</td> </tr> <tr> <td>key_name</td> <td><strong>Compute</strong> -> <strong>Key Pairs</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>security_groups</td> <td><strong>Network</strong> -> <strong>Security Groups</strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>You can work with Heat in two ways:</p> <blockquote> <ul> <li>through Command Line Interface (CLI), with <strong>python-heatclient</strong> preinstalled and</li> <li>interactively, through Horizon commands.</li> </ul> </blockquote> <h2 id=using-heat-with-cli>Using Heat with CLI<a href=#using-heat-with-cli title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#using-heat-with-cli title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Assuming you have</p> <blockquote> <ul> <li>installed Python and</li> <li>activated its working environment</li> </ul> </blockquote> <p>as explained in Prerequisite No. 2, run <strong>pip</strong> command to install <strong>python-heatclient</strong>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-1-1><a id=__codelineno-1-1 name=__codelineno-1-1 href=#__codelineno-1-1></a>pip install python-heatclient
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>To run a prepared template in order to deploy a stack, this is what a general command would look like:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-2-1><a id=__codelineno-2-1 name=__codelineno-2-1 href=#__codelineno-2-1></a>openstack stack create -t template.yaml <stackname>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>where <strong>-t</strong> assigns template for deployment and <strong><stackname></strong> defines name for the stack.</p> <p>As a result, a new Stack would be executed and a new instance would be created. For example, the command</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-3-1><a id=__codelineno-3-1 name=__codelineno-3-1 href=#__codelineno-3-1></a>openstack stack create -t template.yaml heat-test2
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>would produce the following output:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/heat-test2.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=heat-test2.png src=../_images/heat-test2.png></a></p> <p>In Horizon, this is what you would see under <strong>Orchestration</strong> -> <strong>Stacks</strong>:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/heat_test2_stacks.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=heat_test2_stacks.png src=../_images/heat_test2_stacks.png></a></p> <p>A new instance would be created under <strong>Compute</strong> -> <strong>Instances</strong>:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/heat_test2_instances.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=heat_test2_instances.png src=../_images/heat_test2_instances.png></a></p> <h2 id=using-heat-with-gui>Using Heat with GUI<a href=#using-heat-with-gui title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#using-heat-with-gui title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>Log in to the Horizon dashboard, choose <strong>Orchestration</strong> and then <strong>Stacks</strong> tab:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/stacks_menu.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=stacks_menu.png src=../_images/stacks_menu.png></a></p> <p>Navigate to the right part of the screen, click on button <a class=glightbox href=_images/click_button_launch_stack.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=click_button_launch_stack src=_images/click_button_launch_stack.png></a> and bring <strong>Select Template</strong> window to the screen.</p> <p>Enroll Template Source selector and choose a particular file, Direct Input or URL to your template.</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/orch4.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=orch4.png src=../_images/orch4.png></a></p> <p>Enter the text of the template you copied from file <strong>template.yaml</strong> directly into the form:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/select_template_yaml.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=select_template_yaml.png src=../_images/select_template_yaml.png></a></p> <p>Provide a name of your stack and your openstack password:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/launch_stack.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=launch_stack.png src=../_images/launch_stack.png></a></p> <p>As a result, a new Heat template will have been created:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/create_new_template.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=create_new_template.png src=../_images/create_new_template.png></a></p> <p>By creating a stack in Horizon you have also executed that template. The result is that a new instance has been created – see it under <strong>Compute</strong> -> <strong>Instances</strong>:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/heat_instance.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=heat_instance.png src=../_images/heat_instance.png></a></p> <p>We end up with two stacks and two new instances, once using a CLI and the other time, using a GUI.</p> <h2 id=create-four-vms-using-an-advanced-heat-template>Create four VMs using an advanced Heat template<a href=#create-four-vms-using-an-advanced-heat-template title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#create-four-vms-using-an-advanced-heat-template title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>In the following example we will attach parameters and then create ResourceGroup with counter, a VM booted from Cinder Volume and several predefined outputs. In parameter <strong>count</strong> we state that we want to generate <strong>4</strong> instances at once, which will yield us the automation that we wanted in the first place. Save the following code as <strong>template4.yaml</strong>:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-4-1><a id=__codelineno-4-1 name=__codelineno-4-1 href=#__codelineno-4-1></a>heat_template_version: 2015-04-30
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-2><a id=__codelineno-4-2 name=__codelineno-4-2 href=#__codelineno-4-2></a>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-3><a id=__codelineno-4-3 name=__codelineno-4-3 href=#__codelineno-4-3></a>parameters:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-4><a id=__codelineno-4-4 name=__codelineno-4-4 href=#__codelineno-4-4></a> key_name:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-5><a id=__codelineno-4-5 name=__codelineno-4-5 href=#__codelineno-4-5></a> type: string
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-6><a id=__codelineno-4-6 name=__codelineno-4-6 href=#__codelineno-4-6></a> label: sshkey
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-7><a id=__codelineno-4-7 name=__codelineno-4-7 href=#__codelineno-4-7></a> description: SSH key to be used for all instances
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-8><a id=__codelineno-4-8 name=__codelineno-4-8 href=#__codelineno-4-8></a> default: <insert your ssh key name here>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-9><a id=__codelineno-4-9 name=__codelineno-4-9 href=#__codelineno-4-9></a> image_id:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-10><a id=__codelineno-4-10 name=__codelineno-4-10 href=#__codelineno-4-10></a> type: string
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-11><a id=__codelineno-4-11 name=__codelineno-4-11 href=#__codelineno-4-11></a> description: Image to be used. Check all available options in Horizon dashboard or, with CLI, use openstack image list command.
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-12><a id=__codelineno-4-12 name=__codelineno-4-12 href=#__codelineno-4-12></a> default: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-13><a id=__codelineno-4-13 name=__codelineno-4-13 href=#__codelineno-4-13></a> private_net_id:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-14><a id=__codelineno-4-14 name=__codelineno-4-14 href=#__codelineno-4-14></a> type: string
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-15><a id=__codelineno-4-15 name=__codelineno-4-15 href=#__codelineno-4-15></a> description: ID/Name of private network
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-16><a id=__codelineno-4-16 name=__codelineno-4-16 href=#__codelineno-4-16></a> default: <insert your network name here, e.g. cloud_00341_3>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-17><a id=__codelineno-4-17 name=__codelineno-4-17 href=#__codelineno-4-17></a>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-18><a id=__codelineno-4-18 name=__codelineno-4-18 href=#__codelineno-4-18></a>resources:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-19><a id=__codelineno-4-19 name=__codelineno-4-19 href=#__codelineno-4-19></a> Group_of_VMs:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-20><a id=__codelineno-4-20 name=__codelineno-4-20 href=#__codelineno-4-20></a> type: OS::Heat::ResourceGroup
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-21><a id=__codelineno-4-21 name=__codelineno-4-21 href=#__codelineno-4-21></a> properties:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-22><a id=__codelineno-4-22 name=__codelineno-4-22 href=#__codelineno-4-22></a> count: 4
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-23><a id=__codelineno-4-23 name=__codelineno-4-23 href=#__codelineno-4-23></a> resource_def:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-24><a id=__codelineno-4-24 name=__codelineno-4-24 href=#__codelineno-4-24></a> type: OS::Nova::Server
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-25><a id=__codelineno-4-25 name=__codelineno-4-25 href=#__codelineno-4-25></a> properties:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-26><a id=__codelineno-4-26 name=__codelineno-4-26 href=#__codelineno-4-26></a> name: my_vm%index%
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-27><a id=__codelineno-4-27 name=__codelineno-4-27 href=#__codelineno-4-27></a> flavor: eo1.xsmall
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-28><a id=__codelineno-4-28 name=__codelineno-4-28 href=#__codelineno-4-28></a> image: { get_param: image_id }
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-29><a id=__codelineno-4-29 name=__codelineno-4-29 href=#__codelineno-4-29></a> networks:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-30><a id=__codelineno-4-30 name=__codelineno-4-30 href=#__codelineno-4-30></a> - network: { get_param: private_net_id }
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-31><a id=__codelineno-4-31 name=__codelineno-4-31 href=#__codelineno-4-31></a> key_name: { get_param: key_name }
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-32><a id=__codelineno-4-32 name=__codelineno-4-32 href=#__codelineno-4-32></a> security_groups:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-33><a id=__codelineno-4-33 name=__codelineno-4-33 href=#__codelineno-4-33></a> - allow_ping_ssh_icmp_rdp
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-34><a id=__codelineno-4-34 name=__codelineno-4-34 href=#__codelineno-4-34></a> - default
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-35><a id=__codelineno-4-35 name=__codelineno-4-35 href=#__codelineno-4-35></a>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-36><a id=__codelineno-4-36 name=__codelineno-4-36 href=#__codelineno-4-36></a> VOL_FAQ:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-37><a id=__codelineno-4-37 name=__codelineno-4-37 href=#__codelineno-4-37></a> type: OS::Cinder::Volume
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-38><a id=__codelineno-4-38 name=__codelineno-4-38 href=#__codelineno-4-38></a> properties:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-39><a id=__codelineno-4-39 name=__codelineno-4-39 href=#__codelineno-4-39></a> name: vol
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-40><a id=__codelineno-4-40 name=__codelineno-4-40 href=#__codelineno-4-40></a> size: 20
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-41><a id=__codelineno-4-41 name=__codelineno-4-41 href=#__codelineno-4-41></a> image : { get_param: image_id }
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-42><a id=__codelineno-4-42 name=__codelineno-4-42 href=#__codelineno-4-42></a>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-43><a id=__codelineno-4-43 name=__codelineno-4-43 href=#__codelineno-4-43></a> With_volume:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-44><a id=__codelineno-4-44 name=__codelineno-4-44 href=#__codelineno-4-44></a> type: OS::Nova::Server
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-45><a id=__codelineno-4-45 name=__codelineno-4-45 href=#__codelineno-4-45></a> properties:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-46><a id=__codelineno-4-46 name=__codelineno-4-46 href=#__codelineno-4-46></a> flavor: eo1.xsmall
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-47><a id=__codelineno-4-47 name=__codelineno-4-47 href=#__codelineno-4-47></a> block_device_mapping: [{"volume_size": 20, "volume_id": { get_resource: VOL_FAQ }, "delete_on_termination": False, "device_name": "/dev/vda" }]
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-48><a id=__codelineno-4-48 name=__codelineno-4-48 href=#__codelineno-4-48></a> networks:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-49><a id=__codelineno-4-49 name=__codelineno-4-49 href=#__codelineno-4-49></a> - network: { get_param: private_net_id }
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-50><a id=__codelineno-4-50 name=__codelineno-4-50 href=#__codelineno-4-50></a> key_name: { get_param: key_name }
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-51><a id=__codelineno-4-51 name=__codelineno-4-51 href=#__codelineno-4-51></a> security_groups:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-52><a id=__codelineno-4-52 name=__codelineno-4-52 href=#__codelineno-4-52></a> - allow_ping_ssh_icmp_rdp
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-53><a id=__codelineno-4-53 name=__codelineno-4-53 href=#__codelineno-4-53></a> - default
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-54><a id=__codelineno-4-54 name=__codelineno-4-54 href=#__codelineno-4-54></a> image : { get_param: image_id }
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-55><a id=__codelineno-4-55 name=__codelineno-4-55 href=#__codelineno-4-55></a>
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-56><a id=__codelineno-4-56 name=__codelineno-4-56 href=#__codelineno-4-56></a>outputs:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-57><a id=__codelineno-4-57 name=__codelineno-4-57 href=#__codelineno-4-57></a> SERVER_DETAILS:
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-58><a id=__codelineno-4-58 name=__codelineno-4-58 href=#__codelineno-4-58></a> description: Shows details of all virtual servers.
|
||
</span><span id=__span-4-59><a id=__codelineno-4-59 name=__codelineno-4-59 href=#__codelineno-4-59></a> value: { get_attr: [ Group_of_VMs, show ] }
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> <p>The first step is to create a real volume (called VOL_FAQ) and the second is to create a VM (With_volume).</p> <p><strong>Explanation</strong></p> <dl> <dt><strong>Parameters</strong></dt> <dd> <p>Here you provide default values (<strong>key_name</strong>, <strong>image_id</strong>, <strong>private_net_id</strong> in this case) and later inject them into resource definitions. The syntax is:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-5-1><a id=__codelineno-5-1 name=__codelineno-5-1 href=#__codelineno-5-1></a>{get param: param_name }
|
||
</span></code></pre></div> </dd> <dt><strong>ResourceGroup</strong></dt> <dd>Component being used for repeating deployment, e.g two identical VM’s.</dd> <dt><strong>Count</strong></dt> <dd>Defines a variable for iterative operations.</dd> <dt><strong>resource_def</strong></dt> <dd>Starting statement for defining group resources.</dd> <dt><strong>%index%</strong></dt> <dd>This is how you add iterative number to the VM name, increasing values starting from 0.</dd> <dt><strong>block_device_mapping</strong></dt> <dd>Property to define a bootable Cinder volume for instance.</dd> <dt><strong>outputs</strong></dt> <dd>Additional information concerning deployed elements of the stack. In this case it returns a “show” attribute output. You can examine this kind of information by using openstack stack output list. Available attributes for every component <a href=https://docs.openstack.org/heat/latest/template_guide/openstack.html.md>can be found here.</a>.</dd> </dl> <p>Execute the template with the following command:</p> <div class=highlight><pre><span></span><code><span id=__span-6-1><a id=__codelineno-6-1 name=__codelineno-6-1 href=#__codelineno-6-1></a>openstack stack create -t template4.yaml four
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</span></code></pre></div> <p>The name of the stack will be <em>four</em>. This is the result in CLI window:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/create_heat_4.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=create_heat_4.png src=../_images/create_heat_4.png></a></p> <p>Under <strong>Compute</strong> -> <strong>Instance</strong> you would see five new instances created:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/four_created.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=four_created.png src=../_images/four_created.png></a></p> <p>Four of them have names <em>my_vm0</em>, <em>my_vm1</em>, <em>my_vm1</em> and <em>my_vm1</em>, as defined in line <strong>name: my_vm%index%</strong> in the template. The fifth is called <strong>four-With_volume-lrejw222kfvi</strong>. Its name starts the same as the name of the template itself while the rest is automatically generated.</p> <h2 id=what-to-do-next>What To Do Next<a href=#what-to-do-next title="Permalink to this headline">🔗</a><a class=headerlink href=#what-to-do-next title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2> <p>You can write your own templates as <em>yaml</em> files or you can use option <strong>Orchestration</strong> -> <strong>Template Generator</strong>, which will enable you to enter components in an interactive way:</p> <p><a class=glightbox href=../_images/template_generator.png data-type=image data-width=100% data-height=auto data-desc-position=bottom><img alt=template_generator.png src=../_images/template_generator.png></a></p> <p>Further explanation of this option is out of scope of this article.</p> </article> </div> <script>var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))</script> </div> <button type=button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component=top hidden> <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8z"/></svg> Back to top </button> </main> <footer class=md-footer> <div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset"> <div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid"> <div class=md-copyright> Made with <a href=https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/ target=_blank rel=noopener> Material for MkDocs </a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class=md-dialog data-md-component=dialog> <div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset"></div> </div> <script id=__config type=application/json>{"base": "..", "features": ["content.code.annotate", "content.code.copy", "content.tooltips", "navigation.tabs", "navigation.sections", "navigation.footer", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.sections", "navigation.top", "navigation.tracking", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "toc.follow"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.d50fe291.min.js", "tags": null, "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}, "version": null}</script> <script src=../assets/javascripts/bundle.13a4f30d.min.js></script> <script id="init-glightbox">const lightbox = GLightbox({"touchNavigation": false, "loop": false, "zoomable": true, "draggable": true, "openEffect": "zoom", "closeEffect": "zoom", "slideEffect": "slide"});
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